2016托业考试阅读资料：回收性砍伐

阅读材料：

Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.

每年，在美国西北部，森林火灾和一些严重的暴风雨会给森林造成严重的损害。而措置这些灾难造成的损害的体例之一被称为收受接管性砍伐。收受接管性砍伐是指把受损地域的已经衰亡的树木一走，用作建造木材、胶合板或者其他木材产物。有一些理由让我们相信收受接管性砍伐无论对于受损的森林仍是对于经济成长都是有益处的。

First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.

首先，每次森林火灾之后，森林都被死树堵住了。如不美观不把这些树移走，那么它们需要数年的时刻才会侵蚀。在这个时刻里，就不涣有新的树木能够在这些狭小的空间发芽发展了。然而，收受接管性砍伐则可以把这些死树移走，迅速地位新生的树木供给发展的.空间。这样做，有助于辅佐森林从火灾中恢复。

Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So， by removing totting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.

同时，已死的树对森林的损害不仅仅是占用空间。腐臭的木头同时也是昆虫很好的栖息地，好比杉皮甲虫。大量的杉皮甲虫会对健康发展的杉树造成损害。所以，经由过程移走这些腐臭的木头，收受接管性砍伐可以降低虫害侵袭的危险，进而呵护森林的健康。

Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.

最后，收受接管性砍伐是有经济收益的。良多的财富的产物出产都依靠森林，因而森林大火对于经济的成长长短常有害的。可是，良多时辰这些因为自然灾难衰亡的树木仍是可以能够为工业出产供给很冻磷拍的。而且，收受接管性砍伐比传统的砍抨击当需要更多的人力，所以这可觉适当地居平易近供给更多的就业机缘。

阅读部门需要提取的不雅概念是：

- Main point: 收受接管性砍否决于森林和经济成长都益处

- Sub point 1: 可觉得新生树木供给发展空间

- Sub point 2: 可以避免虫害危险森林

- Sub point 3: 有助于经济成长

听力材料：

Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire or storm, but it can actually result in serious loner-term environmental damage. Its economic benefits are also questionable.

收受接管性砍伐看起来似乎是个辅佐森林从破损性大火或者暴风雨中的损害中恢复的有用体例，可是事实上却会带来持久的情形损失踪。而它的经济益处也是存疑的。

First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right conditions for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.

首先，在大火或者暴风雨之后的清理并不必然会给树的发展供给合适的发展情形。事实上，树木腐臭的自然过程可以使土壤变得肥饶，更适合往后树木的发展。迅速地移除死去的树木可能会导致土壤确实树木发展所必需的营养物质。

Second, it’s true that rotting wood can increase insect population, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for nearly hundred years without causing major damage. And of course dead trees do not provide habitats only for harmful insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end up doing more harm to forests than harmful insects do.